Did you inadvertently miss the 60-day time limit for making an IRA or retirement plan rollover? You may be able to avoid taxes and possible penalties by notifying your account trustee with a “self-certification.”
When you take a distribution from your IRA or qualified plan with the intention of depositing it, or “rolling it over,” into another IRA or qualified plan, the 60-day rule says you’re required to complete the rollover within 60 days of receiving the distribution. In the past, when you missed the deadline, you generally had to request relief from the IRS. That meant paying a fee and going through a process to obtain a written statement waiving the rule.
Now, the IRS says that in some cases you can “self-certify” by submitting a written letter to your financial institution or trustee explaining why you missed the 60-day deadline. Your error must be one of eleven allowable reasons, such as death or serious illness in your family, severe damage to your principal residence, or misplacing and never cashing the distribution check.
Do you regularly monitor your company’s cash accounts? Being aware of where your cash is going can help prevent theft or improper expenditures, which are among the chief sources of loss for small companies.
What can you do to reduce the risk of losses? The textbook answer is to implement “internal controls.” Internal controls are standard procedures for assuring the integrity of your financial processes. For example, segregation of duties, such as having more than one person involved in preparing, signing, and reconciling checks, is an internal control
Utilizing internal controls and other cash monitoring strategies can minimize the chances of your business losing money unnecessarily. Here are a few suggestions for safeguarding your company’s cash:
Make sure all invoices have an approval signature before being paid.
Personally verify that new vendors exist.
Require sign-off of employee expense reports by a higher-level employee.
Don’t permit the person who prepares a company check to sign that check.
Consider requiring two signatures on checks.
Maintain a list of void checks and compare them to your bank statement.
Use a bank stamp to endorse checks immediately upon receipt.
Personally open bank statements and other mailings from the bank.
Review and reconcile your bank statement regularly.
Are you confused about your choices for paying medical expenses under your employer’s benefit plan? Many people struggle to determine which of their options will provide the best fit, in part because the plans are similar in some ways – but not all. If you’re offered a choice, it will probably include two of the most common types: a health savings account (HSA) and a health care flexible spending account (FSA).
Overview. With an FSA, which is generally established under an employer’s benefit plan, you can set aside a portion of your salary on a pretax basis to pay out-of-pocket medical expenses. An HSA is a combination of a high-deductible health plan and a savings account specifically designated to pay medical expenses not covered by the insurance.
Contributions. The maximum contribution to an FSA is $2,550 in 2016. Typically, you have to use the funds by the end of the year or forfeit that money under what’s commonly called the “use it or lose it” rule. However, your employer can adopt one of two exceptions to the rule.
The 2016 HSA contribution limit is $3,350 if you are single, $6,750 for a family. You can add a catch-up contribution of $1,000 if you are over age 55. You do not have to spend all the money you contribute to your HSA each year. These funds can remain in the account and grow until you need to use them.
Earnings. FSAs do not earn interest. Your employer holds your money until you request reimbursement for qualified expenses. HSAs, on the other hand, are savings accounts, and the money in the account can be invested. Earnings held in the account are not included in your income.
Withdrawals. Distributions from both accounts are tax- and penalty-free as long as you use the funds for qualified medical expenses.
Portability. If you change jobs, your FSA normally stays with your employer. Your HSA belongs to you; the account and the funds in it stay with you no matter where you may work. That’s true even if your employer makes contributions to your HSA for you.
It’s important to understand the differences between these kinds of accounts. In most cases you may not contribute to both accounts in the same year, so you’ll want to examine their respective advantages and choose the one that best fits your circumstances.
After your death your retirement accounts, life insurance policies, annuities and accounts at financial institutions will be governed by beneficiary designations already in place. If those designations are outdated, unspecific or wrong, your assets may not be distributed the way you would like.
All the funds from your retirement accounts, life insurance policies, annuities and accounts at financial institutions are governed by the beneficiary designations in place at the time of your death. If those designations are outdated, unspecific or wrong, your assets may not be distributed the way you would like. Make sure these assets reach the individuals and organizations you choose by following these guidelines for assigning beneficiaries:
Be specific and stay current. If you name a beneficiary, your assets can pass directly to that person or entity without going through a legal process called probate. Remember to update these designations, if necessary, following life events such as divorce, remarriage, births, deaths, job changes and retirement account conversions.
Think about unexpected outcomes. Be alert to the effect of taxes and try to avoid unintended consequences. For example, if the money in your accounts is distributed directly to your heirs, they may be stuck with a large unexpected tax bill. For wealthier heirs, estate tax may also play a role. In 2016, the estate tax exclusion is $5.45 million and the top estate tax rate is 40%. Another concern: If one of your designated beneficiaries is disabled, his or her government benefits may be reduced or eliminated by the transfer of assets. You may want to consult an attorney to establish a special needs trust to ensure your loved one is not adversely affected by your generosity.
Name contingent beneficiaries. If your primary beneficiary dies or is incapacitated, having a backup (contingent) selection named will ensure that your assets are properly distributed. In some cases, a primary beneficiary may choose to disclaim, or waive, the right to the assets. In that case, contingent beneficiaries can step up to primary position.
Practice good record keeping. Keep your beneficiary designation forms in a safe location, and maintain current copies with your financial institution, attorney, or advisor.
Beneficiary designations are an important part of estate planning. If you keep them up to date, well planned and carefully organized, you can be confident that your assets will reach your intended beneficiaries and be a valuable legacy for your loved ones.
Planning can help you achieve a comfortable retirement. Here are five suggestions to consider.
Start a retirement savings program as early as possible and contribute regularly. The longer and more consistently you contribute, the larger your nest egg will become, even before the compounding provided by growth and earnings. Regular, reasonable deposits wisely invested will easily outgrow sporadic and insignificant contributions.
Deposit your funds in tax-deferred accounts. Invest in tax-deferred accounts to the greatest extent possible. If your employer offers a tax-deferred plan, such as a 401(k), contribute as much as you can, particularly if the plan provides matching funds. Investigate individual options, such as IRAs, for additional planning opportunities. Why? One of the advantages of tax-deferred accounts is that investments that aren’t reduced by taxes will grow and compound at a faster rate. Other advantages include the ability to control your withdrawal rate and the amount of any accompanying tax, and the opportunity to postpone recognition of taxable income until retirement, when you’ll likely be in a lower tax bracket.
Establish an investment plan. As funds within your retirement accounts accumulate, you’ll have to decide how to invest them. Establish an investment plan as early as possible. Then follow your plan consistently, revising only enough to keep matters on course, correct for deviations, and respond to unexpected events.
Track your portfolio and rebalance as needed. Maintain a balance among growth, income, and short-term investments, and adjust the ratios as you age. The standard rules of thumb: When you’re under forty, consider investing more heavily in moderately aggressive growth vehicles. In your forties and fifties, you might want to become more conservative, shifting your balance toward income-generating investments such as high-dividend stocks.
Once you’re retired, plan withdrawals so your funds will last the rest of your life. To avoid running out of funds, plan for a long retirement. Postpone withdrawals as long as possible, and pay them out carefully. Calculate a workable percentage to withdraw from your portfolio on an annual basis. Assume your funds will need to last at least thirty years. Continue to revisit your investments each year to monitor and rebalance as needed.
In May, the Department of Labor updated the rules for paying overtime. Under the new rules, salaried employees who earn less than $913 per week ($47,476 per year) will be eligible for overtime pay. That’s double the annual exempt amount of $23,660 from previous rules. In addition, the total annual pay for an exempt highly compensated employee is $134,004 (up from $100,000 previously). These amounts will be updated automatically every three years beginning in 2020.
The changes take effect December 1, 2016, which means you need to begin reviewing your payroll now, as penalties and fines can be assessed for noncompliance. One important step is to begin tracking hours for your salaried employees. You’ll also want to review your payroll practices so you can determine the best options for your business as you get ready to implement the new rules.
According to recent statistics, budget cuts, staff attrition, and a heavy workload for IRS employees mean your chances of undergoing a tax audit are less than 1%. Does that sound like a non-event to you? Don’t be lured into a false sense of security. The statistic is a blended rate covering many types of incomes and taxpayers. Here are some of the reasons returns were audited.
No adjusted gross income (AGI). For AGI of zero, audit risk jumped to over 5%. The IRS benchmarks AGI because it is total income including losses from businesses and investments.
Large adjusted gross income. Audit risk was nearly 2% for returns with AGI over $200,000. Audit risk climbed to 16% when AGI was $10 million or more.
International returns. Due to a focus on offshore tax evasion, the audit rate of international returns was almost 5%.
Estate taxes. Approximately 8.5% of estate returns were audited. Gross estates of $10 million or more were tagged with a 27% audit risk.
Corporate returns. Small corporations experienced up to a 2% audit risk. The risk for large corporations with assets over $20 billion was 85%.
Be aware that even if you don’t fit into any of these categories, your return may still be selected for audit. That’s one reason it’s essential to keep good records to support all deductions and credits you claim on your tax return for at least three years after filing. Examples of required recordkeeping include:
When you deduct expenses for meals and entertainment, the written evidence must show who was in attendance and what business was discussed.
A home office deduction must be supported by evidence showing your home office is used regularly and exclusively as the principal place of business.
Certain non-business property that you gift, donate, or intend to distribute through your estate requires an appraisal.
Did you know that you can claim a federal income tax credit when you pay someone to care for your kids while you’re at work or school? The Child and Dependent Care Credit is valuable because it reduces the amount of tax you owe dollar-for-dollar. Here’s an overview of the rules.
Child care expenses must be work-related. This requirement means you have to pay for child care so you can work or actively look for work. If you’re married, you and your spouse must both work. Exceptions to this “earned income” rule include spouses who are full-time students or who are not able to care for themselves due to mental or physical limitations.
Expenses generally must be paid for care of your under-age-13 child. However, expenses you pay to care for a physically or mentally disabled spouse or adult dependent may also count.
Expenses must be paid to someone who is not your dependent. Amounts you pay your spouse, your child’s parent (such as an ex-spouse), anyone claimed as a dependent on your tax return, or your own child age 18 or younger do not qualify for the credit. For example, if you pay your 17-year-old dependent child to watch a younger sibling, that expense doesn’t count for purposes of claiming the credit.
The care provider has to be identified on your tax return. You’ll typically need to show the name, address, and taxpayer identification number. You can request this information by asking your provider to complete Form W-10, Dependent Care Provider’s Identification and Certification.
The amount you can claim depends on how much you spend for the care up to a dollar limit of $3,000 of expenses for one dependent and $6,000 for two or more dependents.
Check your advance payments of the premium tax credit.
Did you choose to reduce your monthly health insurance premium by having advance payments of your federal income tax credit sent to your insurance company? If you’re getting married this summer, having a baby, or changing jobs, you need to estimate the impact of those events on the advance payments. Otherwise you may end up with a surprise in the form of a smaller refund or a required repayment next year when you file your federal income tax return.
