As the end of the year approaches, turn your attention to ways you can reduce your 2016 tax liability. Here are some suggestions that can add up to a lower tax burden next April:
Business equipment.Take advantage of end-of-year sales on business equipment. For 2016, a maximum Section 179 deduction of $500,000 and 50% bonus depreciation are generally available for qualified property placed in service anytime during the year. Be aware that special limits apply to vehicles.
Business trips.When you travel to wrap up year-end business deals, you can write off your expenses – including airfare, lodging and 50% of the cost of meals – if the primary motive of the trip is business-related. Costs attributable to personal side trips are nondeductible. If you travel by car, deduct actual business-related auto costs or a flat rate of 54 cents per mile (plus tolls and parking fees).
Entertainment and meals.Generally, you can deduct 50% of the cost of entertainment and meals that precede or follow a “substantial business discussion.” For example, you might treat a client to dinner and drinks after completing a contract earlier in the day. In this case, you can include 50% of the expenses for the client and yourself, as well as for spouses and significant others.
Company outings.Generally, deductions for business entertainment and meals are limited to 50% of the cost. However, if you throw a company-wide holiday party before year-end, you might be able to deduct 100% of the cost when you meet certain requirements, such as inviting your entire staff.
Hire your child.Does your teenaged child want a job to help pay for holiday gifts? If you hire your child, reasonable wages paid for actual services rendered are deductible, the same as wages of other employees. The wages will be taxable to your child at your child’s tax rate, which may be lower than your rate or that of your business.
Job credits.When your business hires workers from certain “targeted groups,” such as veterans and food stamp recipients, you may be able to claim the Work Opportunity Tax Credit. The maximum credit is generally $2,400 per qualified worker.
Depending on your situation, there may be other steps you can take now to reduce the taxes you’ll pay for 2016. Please call our office to schedule a year-end tax planning consultation.
Do you regularly monitor your company’s cash accounts? Being aware of where your cash is going can help prevent theft or improper expenditures, which are among the chief sources of loss for small companies.
What can you do to reduce the risk of losses? The textbook answer is to implement “internal controls.” Internal controls are standard procedures for assuring the integrity of your financial processes. For example, segregation of duties, such as having more than one person involved in preparing, signing, and reconciling checks, is an internal control
Utilizing internal controls and other cash monitoring strategies can minimize the chances of your business losing money unnecessarily. Here are a few suggestions for safeguarding your company’s cash:
Make sure all invoices have an approval signature before being paid.
Personally verify that new vendors exist.
Require sign-off of employee expense reports by a higher-level employee.
Don’t permit the person who prepares a company check to sign that check.
Consider requiring two signatures on checks.
Maintain a list of void checks and compare them to your bank statement.
Use a bank stamp to endorse checks immediately upon receipt.
Personally open bank statements and other mailings from the bank.
Review and reconcile your bank statement regularly.
Are you confused about your choices for paying medical expenses under your employer’s benefit plan? Many people struggle to determine which of their options will provide the best fit, in part because the plans are similar in some ways – but not all. If you’re offered a choice, it will probably include two of the most common types: a health savings account (HSA) and a health care flexible spending account (FSA).
Overview. With an FSA, which is generally established under an employer’s benefit plan, you can set aside a portion of your salary on a pretax basis to pay out-of-pocket medical expenses. An HSA is a combination of a high-deductible health plan and a savings account specifically designated to pay medical expenses not covered by the insurance.
Contributions. The maximum contribution to an FSA is $2,550 in 2016. Typically, you have to use the funds by the end of the year or forfeit that money under what’s commonly called the “use it or lose it” rule. However, your employer can adopt one of two exceptions to the rule.
The 2016 HSA contribution limit is $3,350 if you are single, $6,750 for a family. You can add a catch-up contribution of $1,000 if you are over age 55. You do not have to spend all the money you contribute to your HSA each year. These funds can remain in the account and grow until you need to use them.
Earnings. FSAs do not earn interest. Your employer holds your money until you request reimbursement for qualified expenses. HSAs, on the other hand, are savings accounts, and the money in the account can be invested. Earnings held in the account are not included in your income.
Withdrawals. Distributions from both accounts are tax- and penalty-free as long as you use the funds for qualified medical expenses.
Portability. If you change jobs, your FSA normally stays with your employer. Your HSA belongs to you; the account and the funds in it stay with you no matter where you may work. That’s true even if your employer makes contributions to your HSA for you.
It’s important to understand the differences between these kinds of accounts. In most cases you may not contribute to both accounts in the same year, so you’ll want to examine their respective advantages and choose the one that best fits your circumstances.
In May, the Department of Labor updated the rules for paying overtime. Under the new rules, salaried employees who earn less than $913 per week ($47,476 per year) will be eligible for overtime pay. That’s double the annual exempt amount of $23,660 from previous rules. In addition, the total annual pay for an exempt highly compensated employee is $134,004 (up from $100,000 previously). These amounts will be updated automatically every three years beginning in 2020.
The changes take effect December 1, 2016, which means you need to begin reviewing your payroll now, as penalties and fines can be assessed for noncompliance. One important step is to begin tracking hours for your salaried employees. You’ll also want to review your payroll practices so you can determine the best options for your business as you get ready to implement the new rules.
According to recent statistics, budget cuts, staff attrition, and a heavy workload for IRS employees mean your chances of undergoing a tax audit are less than 1%. Does that sound like a non-event to you? Don’t be lured into a false sense of security. The statistic is a blended rate covering many types of incomes and taxpayers. Here are some of the reasons returns were audited.
No adjusted gross income (AGI). For AGI of zero, audit risk jumped to over 5%. The IRS benchmarks AGI because it is total income including losses from businesses and investments.
Large adjusted gross income. Audit risk was nearly 2% for returns with AGI over $200,000. Audit risk climbed to 16% when AGI was $10 million or more.
International returns. Due to a focus on offshore tax evasion, the audit rate of international returns was almost 5%.
Estate taxes. Approximately 8.5% of estate returns were audited. Gross estates of $10 million or more were tagged with a 27% audit risk.
Corporate returns. Small corporations experienced up to a 2% audit risk. The risk for large corporations with assets over $20 billion was 85%.
Be aware that even if you don’t fit into any of these categories, your return may still be selected for audit. That’s one reason it’s essential to keep good records to support all deductions and credits you claim on your tax return for at least three years after filing. Examples of required recordkeeping include:
When you deduct expenses for meals and entertainment, the written evidence must show who was in attendance and what business was discussed.
A home office deduction must be supported by evidence showing your home office is used regularly and exclusively as the principal place of business.
Certain non-business property that you gift, donate, or intend to distribute through your estate requires an appraisal.
