Tax myths can spread quickly, leading to costly mistakes or missed opportunities. Here are several common tax myths along with best practices to help you stay grounded in reality.
Myth: Moving into a higher tax bracket means you’ll take home less money
Reality: The U.S. tax system is progressive, meaning your income is taxed in layers. There are currently 7 different layers, with tax rates ranging from 10% to 37%. When you enter a higher tax bracket, only the portion of income above the bracket threshold gets taxed at the higher rate, not your entire income.
Best Practice: Know your marginal tax rate! This is the tax rate of the next dollar you earn. By understanding this you can do your own calculations on the impact of any additional income you earn.
Myth: Getting a tax refund means you did something right.
Reality: A tax refund means you overpaid your taxes. It’s your money, coming back to you – without interest. Getting a big refund might feel great, but from a cash flow perspective, you’re better off adjusting your withholding so you keep more of your paycheck each month.
Best Practice: Review last year’s tax return, then update the numbers to reflect your situation for the current year. Factor in the latest changes such as tax-free tips, tax-free overtime, and increased standard deductions, including the new $6,000 deduction for seniors. Once you’ve made these adjustments, revisit your paycheck withholdings to make sure they’re on track.
Myth: You can deduct all your expenses if you’re self-employed.
Reality: Not quite. While being self-employed certainly opens up more deduction opportunities, not every expense qualifies. Only ordinary and necessary business expenses can be deducted. That family trip overseas doesn’t qualify unless it was genuinely work-related (and even then, only parts of it might qualify).
Best Practice: Set up a dedicated business bank account to handle all income and expenses related to your work. Then establish a regular schedule to transfer funds into your personal account for all non-business spending. And don’t commingle funds with your personal expenses. The IRS may be quick to throw out ALL expenses if they see this occurring.
Myth: You don’t have to report income if you didn’t receive a Form 1099.
Reality: If you earn money, the IRS expects to hear about it, regardless of whether you received a Form 1099. Many people assume that if a client or gig platform doesn’t send you a 1099, then that income doesn’t need to be reported on your tax return. But that’s not how it works. The tax code requires you to report all income, no matter how it’s documented – or if it’s not documented at all.
Best Practice: Keep a list of past 1099s to help you remember which clients or platforms have paid you before, and to double-check if you earned income from them again this year.
Please call if you have any questions about your tax situation.
As a freelancer or contractor, at some point you may wish to incorporate and be taxed as an S corporation. Here’s a closer look at the process of becoming an S corporation and when switching might make sense for you.
The main benefits of S corporations
Self-employment tax savings. As a sole proprietor, you’re required to pay a 15.3% self-employment tax (which includes Social Security and Medicare) on your entire income. However, with an S corporation, you can split your income into two parts: a reasonable salary (which is subject to Social Security and Medicare taxes) and distributions (which are subject to income taxes but not Social Security and Medicare taxes).
Pass-through taxation. Similar to sole proprietorships, S corporations are considered pass-through entities. This means that the business itself doesn’t pay income taxes. Instead, profits and losses pass through the business to the owner’s personal tax return. Profits of a C corporation, on the other hand, are taxed twice – once at the entity level, and again on the owner’s tax return.
Legal protection. If there is a risk of possible legal action, an S corporation can potentially help protect your personal assets from your business assets. For example, this can be especially helpful if you are in the contractor trade and the customer makes a claim against the fulfillment of your contract.
While transitioning from a sole proprietor to an S corporation can certainly result in significant tax savings, there are a few trade-offs to consider.
Trade-offs to consider
Most of the trade-offs are centered around administrative requirements and potential costs. These include:
Running payroll. Even if you’re the only employee, you’ll need to set up payroll and withhold taxes. Many business owners use a payroll service to handle this.
Separate tax filing. Your business will now need to file a Form 1120-S tax return with a March 15th due date in addition to your personal tax return.
Accountants or bookkeepers are typically used. Most S corporation owners work with professionals to handle bookkeeping and tax filings.
Reasonable salary requirement. The IRS expects owners to pay themselves a fair market wage. Underpaying yourself to avoid taxes can lead to penalties.
State-level requirements. Some states have minimum franchise taxes or annual fees for corporations and LLCs, regardless of income.
When it makes sense to switch
Switching to an S corp generally becomes worth considering when your net income (after expenses) is in the range of $75,000 to $100,000 or more per year.
Here’s an example: Assume you earn $120,000 in net income as a consultant.
As a sole proprietor, you’d pay self-employment tax on the full amount, about $18,000.
As an S corp, if you pay yourself a reasonable salary of $60,000, you’d only pay payroll taxes on that amount, roughly $9,200. The remaining $60,000 in profit would be subject to income taxes but not payroll taxes.
That’s a potential tax savings of nearly $9,000 per year.
Switching from a sole proprietor to S corp can offer real tax advantages, but it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. It’s usually best practice to review your situation once per year to ensure your business is organized properly.
Our tax code contains plenty of opportunities to cut your taxes. There are also plenty of places in the tax code that could create a surprising tax bill. Here are some of the more common traps.
Home office tax surprise. If you deduct home office expenses on your tax return, you could end up with a tax bill when you sell your home in the future. When you sell a home you’ve been living in for at least 2 of the past 5 years, you may qualify to exclude from your taxable income up to $250,000 of profit from the sale of your home if you’re single or $500,000 if you’re married. But if you have a home office, you may be required to pay taxes on a proportionate share of the gain.
For example, let’s say you have a 100-square-foot home office located in a garage, cottage or guest house that’s on your property. Your main house is 2,000 square feet, making the size of your office 5% of your house’s overall area. When you sell your home, you may have to pay taxes on 5% of the gain. (TIP: If you move your office out of the detached structure and into your home the year you sell your home, you may not have to pay taxes on the gain associated with the home office.)
Even worse, if you claim depreciation on your home office, this could add even more to your tax surprise. This depreciation surprise could happen to either a home office located in a separate structure on your property or in a home office located within your primary home. This added tax hit courtesy of depreciation surprises many unwary users of home offices.
Kids getting older tax surprise. Your children are a wonderful tax deduction if they meet certain qualifications. But as they get older, many child-related deductions fall off and create an unexpected tax bill. And it does not happen all at once.
As an example, one of the largest tax deductions your children can provide you is via the child tax credit. If they are under age 17 on December 31st and meet several other qualifications, you could get up to $2,000 for that child on the following year’s tax return. But you’ll lose this deduction the year they turn 17. If their 17th birthday occurs in 2025, you can’t claim them for the child tax credit when you file your 2025 tax return in 2026, resulting in $2,000 more in taxes you’ll need to pay.
Limited losses tax surprise. If you sell stock, cryptocurrency or any other asset at a loss of $5,000, for example, you can match this up with another asset you sell at a $5,000 gain and – presto! You won’t have to pay taxes on that $5,000 gain because the $5,000 loss cancels it out. But what if you don’t have another asset that you sold at a gain? In this example, the most you can deduct on your tax return is $3,000 (the remaining loss can be carried forward to subsequent years).
Herein lies the tax trap. If you have more than $3,000 in losses from selling assets, and you don’t have a corresponding amount of gains from selling assets, you’re limited to the $3,000 loss.
So if you have a big loss from selling an asset in 2025, and no large gains from selling other assets to use as an offset, you can only deduct $3,000 of your loss on your 2025 tax return.
Planning next year’s tax obligation tax surprise. It’s always smart to start your tax planning for next year by looking at your prior year tax return. But you should then take into consideration any changes that have occurred in the current year. Solely relying on last year’s tax return to plan next year’s tax obligation could lead to a tax surprise.
Please call to schedule a tax planning session so you can be prepared to navigate around any potential tax surprises you may encounter on your 2025 tax return.
Summer work can be financially rewarding, but it can also come with tax consequences that are sometimes overlooked. Here are several ideas for managing your tax obligations that come with seasonal jobs.
Keep it separate. If you mow lawns, babysit or do another cash job where you haven’t filled out a Form W-4 for tax withholdings, the IRS may consider you to be a business for tax purposes. If you are considered to be in business, it’s a good idea to keep your business transactions separate from personal transactions. If you do comingle both types of transactions, the IRS may disallow all business expenses and leave you with a much higher tax bill.
Document your driving. If you are driving for business purposes, document your mileage as it happens. The IRS allows 70 cents a mile for the portion of driving time you spend on business use. Use an app or driving log to record your business driving, and don’t forget to hang on to all receipts.
Keep your receipts. If you want to deduct a business expense, you need to prove that you paid for it. The IRS says any recordkeeping system is okay as long as it clearly shows your expenses. Keep receipts, canceled checks, bank statements and other easy-to-understand records of what you spent the money on and when. Many bookkeeping and accounting systems can help digitize these records, making them easier to corral for tax time.
Calculate your estimated tax bill. Plan to file a tax return (it may be your first return) early next year. Depending on how much you make the rest of the year, you may get back every dollar that was withheld from your paychecks for taxes. If you were self-employed for your summer job, remember that you’ll need to set aside some of your earnings to pay federal, state, and local taxes.
Remember that all income is taxable. No matter how you earn your money, all earned income is taxable. Even tips, cash payments and income from freelance platforms must be reported on your tax return. If you receive a W-2 from an employer, the income is automatically reported to the IRS. If you freelance work, you might receive a 1099 form. But even if you don’t get a 1099, you’re still responsible for reporting all income you earn.
Summer work can provide much more than a temporary income boost — it can also be an opportunity to build good financial habits. By staying mindful of your tax obligations, you can avoid tax surprises and enjoy your hard-earned money.
Lowering your tax bill next year works best as a planned event. So if you are interested in breathing a sigh of relief come next April, consider a review of these four areas as you create and implement your tax plan for 2025.
#1 – Your Home
Your home can create unexpected tax liabilities. Property value appreciation, home improvements, and refinancing your mortgage influence how much tax you pay.
When your home’s value increases substantially, you might pay higher property taxes. Selling a home can also lead to capital gains taxes if you’ve lived in the property for less than two years or exceed the home sale exclusion amounts.
Tax Planning Tips for Your Home:
Get a professional property assessment to ensure you’re not overpaying property taxes. If so, know your location’s time frame and process to amend your property’s value in their formula.
Consider timing home improvements to manage potential tax consequences by being smart about when assessments are applied in your location’s property value.
If selling, understand capital gains exclusion rules ($250,000 for single taxpayers, $500,000 for married couples)
#2 – Your Investments
Review your refinance closing disclosure to identify deductible mortgage points or fees
Investment income can impact your tax bill. Capital gains, dividend distributions, and frequent trading can all cause tax consequences.
Different investments also face different tax rates: Short-term capital gains get taxed at higher ordinary income rates and long-term gains typically receive more favorable treatment.
Tax Planning Tips for Your Investments:
Implement tax-loss harvesting to offset capital gains
Hold investments for more than a year to qualify for long-term capital gains rates
Consider tax-efficient investments like index funds or ETFs
Maximize contributions to tax-advantaged accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs
#3 – Your Retirement
Retirement accounts offer financial opportunities. But they can also cause tax pitfalls. Required minimum distributions (RMDs), early withdrawal penalties, and the tax treatment of different retirement account types influence your tax bill.
Tax Planning Tips for Your Retirement Accounts:
Understand RMD rules and plan withdrawals strategically. Sometimes the most cost-effective plan withdrawals occur long before the RMD rules come into play!
Consider tax-efficient Roth conversions to manage future tax liability
Maximize health savings account (HSA) contributions as an additional retirement account
Explore catch-up contributions if you’re age 50 or older
#4 – Your Life Events
Major life changes can dramatically change your tax situation. Marriage, divorce, having children, changing jobs, or experiencing significant income shifts can all reshape your tax liability.
Tax Planning Tips for Life Changes:
Reassess your filing status as life changes may affect your tax bracket and deductions
Track new deductions and credits as life events like adoption or education expenses may qualify for specific tax breaks
Understand the age triggers built into the tax code and plan accordingly. This is especially important to understand as your children get older.
Sometimes your tax plan will show you an unavoidable, upcoming tax event, but you can plan for it to avoid a surprise. But other times your plan can help lower your tax liability, so it is best to begin as soon as possible.
You will soon have to confront a higher tax bill if Congress doesn’t extend many credits, deductions, and lower tax rates that are set to expire at the end of this year. Here’s who should be considering ongoing tax planning sessions as this uncertainty plays out in Congress and the Executive office:
Your income will increase in 2025. Maybe you are looking to move jobs or obtain a promotion. This should trigger a planning session as marginal rates currently max out at 37% at a fairly high income, but that could all change beginning in 2026.
You were an itemized deductions taxpayer. A number of taxpayers may begin itemizing deductions again in 2026 if the rules expire as they are currently scheduled to. This means planning your expenses in light of this impending roll back of rules will take some thought. This is especially true if you have high state income and real estate taxes.
You have a large estate. The current estate exemption ($13.99 million in 2025 for single taxpayers, $27.98 million for married) drops back to $5 million in 2026. While this reset amount will be adjusted for inflation going forward, gifting money or other assets can help reduce the size of your taxable estate while taking advantage of this historically high exemption amount.
You have investments. Review your investments to be as tax efficient as possible. Municipal bonds and tax-deferred plans like 401(k)s and IRAs may also become more attractive after 2025. Also consider tax-loss harvesting strategies to offset future gains. Another idea: if your tax rate will be lower in 2025 compared to 2026, consider selling appreciated assets in 2025 at a lower tax rate, then immediately purchase the asset again. Remember that wash sales rules only apply to losses, not gains!
You have pass-through business income. If you are a small business owner, assess how the loss of the Qualified Business Income deduction will affect your tax liability. Review whether you should change your entity type to minimize the loss of this deduction.
By starting to plan now, you can be ready for whatever tax environment you’ll be navigating in 2025.
